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Course info
KME / TNP
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Course description
Department/Unit / Abbreviation
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KME
/
TNP
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Academic Year
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2023/2024
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Academic Year
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2023/2024
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Title
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Thermodynamics of Irrevers. Processes
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Form of course completion
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Exam
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Form of course completion
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Exam
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Accredited / Credits
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Yes,
6
Cred.
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Type of completion
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Combined
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Type of completion
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Combined
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Time requirements
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Lecture
3
[Hours/Week]
Tutorial
2
[Hours/Week]
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Course credit prior to examination
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Yes
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Course credit prior to examination
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Yes
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Automatic acceptance of credit before examination
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Yes in the case of a previous evaluation 4 nebo nic.
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Included in study average
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YES
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Language of instruction
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Czech
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Occ/max
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Automatic acceptance of credit before examination
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Yes in the case of a previous evaluation 4 nebo nic.
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Summer semester
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0 / -
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0 / -
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0 / -
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Included in study average
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YES
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Winter semester
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0 / -
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1 / -
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0 / -
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Repeated registration
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NO
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Repeated registration
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NO
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Timetable
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Yes
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Semester taught
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Winter semester
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Semester taught
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Winter semester
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Minimum (B + C) students
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10
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Optional course |
Yes
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Optional course
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Yes
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Language of instruction
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Czech
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Internship duration
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0
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No. of hours of on-premise lessons |
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Evaluation scale |
1|2|3|4 |
Periodicity |
každý rok
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Evaluation scale for credit before examination |
S|N |
Periodicita upřesnění |
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Fundamental theoretical course |
No
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Fundamental course |
Yes
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Fundamental theoretical course |
No
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Evaluation scale |
1|2|3|4 |
Evaluation scale for credit before examination |
S|N |
Substituted course
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UMS/TNP
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Preclusive courses
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N/A
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Prerequisite courses
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N/A
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Informally recommended courses
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N/A
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Courses depending on this Course
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KFY/MFM, KMA/MIM
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Histogram of students' grades over the years:
Graphic PNG
,
XLS
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Course objectives:
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Student will be familiar with the following problems:
- Caratheodory?s thermodynamics, entropy, thermodynamic potentials.
- Description of non-equilibrium states, variational formulations in thermodynamics.
- Flux and entropy production, formulation of continuum theories, local thermodynamics, fluxes, local equilibrium, linear irreversible thermodynamics.
- Onsager?s relations, heat conduction equation, diffusion, thermodiffusion.
- Prigogine thermodynamics, systems far from equilibrium, dissipative structures, description of living systems.
- Rational thermodynamics, general form of constitutive relations, perturbance of local equilibrium, heat waves.
-Synergetics, spontaneous structures creation, thermodynamics of non-physical systems.
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Requirements on student
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Credit requirements:
Test (in the range of taught lessons).
Examination requirements:
Students must present knowledge of the subject matter in a verifiable way.
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Content
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1. The notion of state, state variable. State in thermodynamics (comparison with mechanics). Energy. Energy balance law. Work. Work parameters. First law of thermodynamics.
2. The notion of work, notion of heat, heat as a differential form, integration factor, meaning of the total differential, second law of thermodynamics and its relation to the integrability of particular differential form.
3. Systems with particle exchange and chemical reactions (electrochemical potential, affinity, Guldberg-Waage law). Dalton law. Mixing gases, Gibbs paradox.
4. Illustration of thermodynamics - ideal gas, "90 percent" equation, other energetic variables (enthalpy, etc.). Legendre transformation, relations between derivatives of various quantities.
5. First-order phase transitions, Clapeyron equation, critical point, non-ideal gas, van der Waals equation.
6. Continuum description, Cauchy theorem, balance laws, production of quantity, local equilibrium.
7. Entropy production, thermodynamical fluxes and forces, examples. Constitutive relations.
8. Minimum entropy production. Linear thermodynamics. Onsager relations, examples (thermoelectric phenomena)
9. Notion and the meaning of stability, stability in thermodynamics, second differential of entropy, excess entropy production. Examples: chemical reactions in systems far from equilibrium, stability, meaning of autocatalysis reactions.
10. Derivation of the heat conduction equation. Classification of thermodynamical systems upon stability: equilibrium, near to equilibrium, far from equilibrium. The role of boundary conditions, steady states, role of the maximum of entropy or minimum entropy production, limits of stability. Dissipative structures.
11. Beyond the local equilibrium - heat waves, extended thermodynamics. Telegraph equation. Basic ideas of rational thermodynamics.
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Activities
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Fields of study
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Guarantors and lecturers
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Literature
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Time requirements
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All forms of study
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Activities
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Time requirements for activity [h]
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Contact hours
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65
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Preparation for comprehensive test (10-40)
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40
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Preparation for an examination (30-60)
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60
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Total
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165
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Prerequisites
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Knowledge - students are expected to possess the following knowledge before the course commences to finish it successfully: |
orientovat se na úrovni základního kurzu fyziky KFY/FYA1 |
orientovat se v diferenciálním a integrálním počtu |
orientovat se v základech maticového a vektorového počtu |
Skills - students are expected to possess the following skills before the course commences to finish it successfully: |
integrovat a derivovat (rovněž parciální derivace) |
řešit základní typy obyčejných diferenciálních rovnic |
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Learning outcomes
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Knowledge - knowledge resulting from the course: |
orientovat se v otázce druhého termodynamického zákona a obecného principy nerovnovážné termodynamiky |
orientovat se v otázce lineární termodynamika a Onsagerovy relace |
orientovat se v otázce rovnovážná termodynamika jako kompletní, logicky propojený systém |
popsat jednotný pohled na základní rovnice hydrodynamiky, mechaniky kontinua a termodynamiky kontinua |
popsat jiné přístupy v nerovnovážné termodynamice, základní ideje rozšířené a racionální termodynamiky |
vysvětlit pojem entropie i se základním porozuměním z hlediska statistické fyziky |
Skills - skills resulting from the course: |
řešit jednoduché úlohy z rovnovážní nerovnovážné termodynamiky, má však dobrý základ i pro řešení složitějších problémů technické praxe z oblasti tepelných procesů, termomechaniky materiálů a některých úloh materiálové fyziky |
velmi dobře své znalosti uplatnit i v pedagogickém působení na všech úrovních terciárního vzdělávání |
Competences - competences resulting from the course: |
student má odborné znalosti potřebné k další specializaci v oblasti kontinuální fyziky a termomechaniky . Má velmi dobrý základ pro počítačové modelování komplexních makroskopických systémů a počítačové simulace z oblasti termomechaniky. Rovněž má dobrý přehled o logické stavbě termodynamika a jejich současných trendech. Je schopen velmi dobře tyto znalosti uplatnit i v pedagogickém působení |
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Assessment methods
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Knowledge - knowledge achieved by taking this course are verified by the following means: |
Oral exam |
Test |
Written exam |
Skills - skills achieved by taking this course are verified by the following means: |
Continuous assessment |
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Teaching methods
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Knowledge - the following training methods are used to achieve the required knowledge: |
Lecture |
Skills - the following training methods are used to achieve the required skills: |
Individual study |
Practicum |
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